Judge T. Henley Graves announced his retirement this past February, but he isn't quite ready to leave the bench. Graves will run as a Republican against incumbent Democrat Billy Jackson. v. t. e. James Earl Graves Jr. (born November 19, 1953) is an American lawyer who serves as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. Honorable Benjamin R. Graves, Circuit Judge. [33] In that case, respondent Luis Duenas-Alvarez was a lawful, permanent resident convicted of vehicular theft under California law. Benjamin Graves Municipal Judge. This means that the percentage of depositions that Judge James Grimes has approved in FLORENCE for the 2017 fiscal year is 18%. [47] A Fifth Circuit panel disagreed, and Castillo-Rivera petitioned for rehearing en banc.[48]. margin-bottom:0px; Payments are accepted in our office between the hours of 8:00 am and 4:00 pm. Views expressed in the Louisiana Law Review do not necessarily reflect those of the staff, 35677. Alabama Municipal Courts The Circuit Court is a state trial court that hears both civil and criminal cases. } .widget-row.heading { [54] To illustrate this point, Judge Graves listed cases collected by the Third Circuit which demonstrate that the Fifth Circuit is alone in its approach. the elementsof a defendants prior offenses, and not to the particular facts underlying those convictions.[19] The Supreme Court in Descamps v. United States applied the categorical approach to a California burglary statute. Over the past month, both Assistant District Attorney Angie Hamilton and ADA Coty Hand have tried and convicted two people on possession and production of child pornography. Lauderdale County District Attorney Chris Connelly asked Judge Benjamin Graves. Leading up to his April trial date, Wesson was indicted on dozens of additional charges in January related to possessing and sharing child pornography. Castillo-Rivera. Florence, AL 35630 Legal Team, We Offer Unfailing Commitment [12] In light of the Courts denial, and the overwhelming evidence that the Fifth Circuit has misapplied the realistic probability test, this piece argues that the matter is ripe for reconsideration by the Fifth Circuit. Judge Graves also noted that, in addition to being inconsistent with other circuit courts, the current Fifth Circuit approach is inconsistent with the Supreme Courts application of the realistic probability test. The law prohibits the Circuit Clerk from giving legal advice. [53] However, that interpretation is inconsistent with the actual articulation of the test in Duenas-Alvarez. The Florence Municipal Court Magistrates can be reached at (256) 760-6625. Board of Registrars - (256) 760-5840 Board of Education - (256) 760-1300 Circuit Clerk (4th Floor) - (256) 768-7598 Circuit Clerk (5th Floor) - (256) 760-5713 Community Corrections - (256) 768-7605 [11] Alexis petitioned the Supreme Court for certiorari, but the Court denied his request on November 16, 2020. [60] As such, the Fifth Circuit should revisit its decision in Castillo-Rivera, and adjust its application of Duenas-Alvarez to be more consistent with the actual meaning of the case. The best result we found for your search is Odell Graves age 80+ in Milton, KY. Odell is related to Karen Lee Evans . Copyright 2021 WAFF. .infobox p { We will respond as soon as possible. The Graves Law Firm if you are facing a family law issue. Jan 20, 2023; 0; Florence Camerata to begin rehearsals. Theyre taxing emotionally and mentally but its what we believed we were called to do is seek justice for victims and so were glad were able to do that, said Hand. [55] Discourse 132 (2019). [33] Gonzales v. Duenas-Alvarez, 127 S. Ct. 815 (2007). Recipient, American Jurisprudence Awards in Corporate Tax and Owner/Director of Marketing & Promotions at SMAF (Strategic Marketing & Advertising Firm), Owner, SMAF (Strategic Marketing & Advertising Firm). Qualifications A leader in comparative and Louisiana law since 1938. float: right; Wesson will be transported to the Alabama Department of Corrections in the coming days. .courts-header { font-size:150%;background-color:#334aab;color:white;} color: white; } 8 U.S.C. Amendment to Delaware General Corporation Law Permits Exculpation of Corporate Executive Officers, Sailing Into the Sunset? Honorable Carole C. Medley, District Judge. Florence, AL 35630 (256) 760-5820. .widget-row.Democratic { Tennessee, about two hours north of the jail in Florence, Alabama, US Marshals have said. Court is held every Tuesday and Thursday at 8:00 am and every third Tuesday of the month at 1:00 pm. color: black; Here is a complete directory of nearly all professional Judges in Florence, AL. } 2018)). Graves will run as a Republican against incumbent Democrat Billy Jackson. He wrote that the Court should limit its decisions to the question it granted certiorari to answer and withhold comment on issues of California law until after the court of appeals has addressed them. A total of 230-years. .clearfix { The petitioner, Richard Lawrence Alexis, was a native of Trinidad and Tobago who had been living in the United States as a lawful permanent resident for nearly 30 years. Although approved by Senate Judiciary Committee on December 1, 2010, the Senate failed to act on the nomination. After waiting all that time and everything we have getting behind and not even having the money or change to buy a loaf of bread to eat, I went back to work July 25, 2022 to only be fired the very first time in my 49 years of life exactly 1 month later! trusted legal counsel. 35633, P.O. . Killen, AL. 35645, 5029 County Road 9 (256) 760-5750 Starting or doing business with the City of Florence has never been easier. should I need her services again. 6 talking about this. } 100% remote. FLORENCE, AL (WAFF) - Florence Municipal Judge Ben Graves announced his candidacy for Circuit Judge this week. Interestingly, Duenas-Alvarez chose not to defend the Ninth Circuits position, but rather posed a novel argument that focused on the element of intent. Are you and your spouse considering divorce? Graves decided to retire last August, when he turned 70 years old. and Woman of the Year from Women in Business, Top-Rated & Highly Successful Florence, Alabama 35631, 102 South Court Street, 1st Floor (256) 760-5833 [17] Descamps v. United States, 133 S. Ct. 2276, 2281 (2018). .widget-row.Libertarian { Judge Graves; Judge Powell; Judge Motlow; Resources. [1] Alexis v. Barr, 960 F.3d 722 (5th Cir. We Can Offer You The Outstanding Legal Support You Deserve, We Will Go the Extra Mile in Order to Achieve Your Goals, We Will Work Diligently in Order to Resolve Your Case. Florence Ellinwood Allen (March 23, 1884 - September 12, 1966) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.She was the first woman to serve on a state supreme court and one of the first two women to serve as a United States federal judge. I. The official website of Lauderdale County, AL, PO Box 1059 (256) 760-5840 and provides practical tips for navigating such legal issues should you bankruptcy and divorce. .widget-value { I also hope and pray that you think on that when you lay your head on your pillow every night the rest of your career how you can just screw with peoples lives just because you have a degree! Prosecutors asked for the maximum sentence of 570-years in prison for Wessons conviction. attorney from The Graves Law Firm as soon as possible. at 733 (Graves, J., concurring). [3] He then worked in the private practice of law for three years, before returning to public service work. Be sure to check other states near Florence, AL to get the records of more professionals. As Judge Graves noted in his Alexis concurrence, the Fifth Circuits application of Duenas-Alvarez is inconsistent with subsequent U.S. Supreme Court cases and cases in other circuits. Click here to contact us for media inquiries, and please donate here to support our continued expansion. Our clients are our firm's number one priority, and we do everything font-weight: bold; of California, Demetria was included in the list of California's Super Lawyers Now that I have totally soared into a manic depression and have to be seen on an urgent doctor visit because here I sit your almightyness stating I am able to go to work and then employers not accommodating me and me being able to find a job! Copyright 2015 WAFF. Florence Municipal Court handles all misdemeanors and traffic offenses within the City limits of Florence that were initiated by a Florence Police Officer. Me being collateral damage! That only tells us that it was all about the pissing contest between your ego and Terrys ego! But see Jain & Warren, supra note 13 (arguing that the categorical approach is good federalist policy because it incentivizes states to ensure that the most serious conduct triggers the most serious consequences). Waterloo, AL. We have the skills needed to assist clients in many [7] He also earned a Master of Public Administration degree from the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University in 1981. [42] The appellant, Juan Castillo-Rivera, was born in Mexico and came to the United States shortly after his birth. E. E. Cleveland. Notably, Justice Stevens concurred with the majority in part but dissented specifically to Part III-A, which articulates the realistic probability test. [29] The immigration judge (IJ) applied a categorical approach and determined that the Texas statute was indeed overbroadit included position isomers of cocaine, which the federal statute did not cover. The Trustoria Service Professional Directory helps you find the best Lawyer for your latest project. [32] In 2007, the Supreme Court in Gonzales v. Duenas-Alvarez established the realistic probability test to clear up confusion over how courts should apply the categorical approach when the state statute is a categorical match on its face, but may not be a match in its application. I hope and pray with all of my heart that it does not come back around in some form or fashion affecting your wife or family because of what you dish out to innocent disabled individuals that have worked their ENTIRE LIFE AT LEAST ONE JOB WITH NOTHING BUT GREAT REFERENCES FROM MY WORK THAT IS REALLY NEEDING DISABILITY BENEFITS AND HAVE TO START COMPLETELY OVER AGAIN! [9] At least one immigration law expert agrees with that assessment, and adds that the Fifth Circuits application of the realistic probability test is also applied inconsistently within the Fifth Circuit. padding-left: 10px; Hatchett. 2020)). I am very appreciative of her efforts and will most definitely call her 1771 (2020) (noting that the categorical approach actually results in nonuniformity because the same conduct that triggers federal immigration consequences in one state would not trigger immigration consequences in a neighboring state whose statute is broader than the federal, generic definition of the crime). Ballotpedia features 395,577 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. To remove the legwork from our business clients, the program offers you one point of contact for assistance and information. Box 159 (256) 760-5750 [51] See generally Taylor v. United States, 110 S. Ct. 2143 (1990). } 200 South Court Street Florence, AL 35630 (256) 760-5815 They have three sons.[4][6]. drama, tune in! Managing Partner at Bond, Botes, Sykstus, Tanner & Ezzell, P.C. PO Box 1059 . [10], On June 10, 2010, President Barack Obama nominated Graves to be a judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit[3] to replace Judge Rhesa Barksdale, who assumed senior status on August 8, 2009. [39] Id. [3] Graves has served as a Teaching Team Member of the Trial Advocacy Workshop at Harvard Law School since 1998. areas of family law, including high-conflict matters, such as } Florence municipal judge announces Circuit Court run, Weather Service confirms tornado with two tracks in Jackson County. Since we are a small firm, our Glendale divorce lawyer will personally Get the Android Weather app from Google Play, WHNT News 19 Sales Team Broadcast and Digital, Best athletic wear for kids joining baseball and, How to watch all the Oscar-nominated movies in style, Best smart home devices for older users, according, Huntsville Utilities injured during work Saturday, Limestone Sheriff looking for man in theft investigation, One transported to hospital after wreck near Rocket, Colbert DTF finds large amount of fentanyl, other, 1 killed amid turbulence event on business jet. in an affordable and timely manner. Wesson will have to serve the sentences consecutively, which means after serving the first four years, he will have to serve the next, and the next, and the next. Hensley-Graves Properties, LLC Business Profile Hensley-Graves Properties, LLC Apartments Contact Information 2230 Chisholm Rd Florence, AL 35630-1350 Get Directions Visit Website (256). About Lauderdale County; Employee Resources; Frequently Asked Questions; Job Openings; Lauderdale County Elected Officials; . [26] In November 2016, Alexis pled guilty and was sentenced under Texas law to one year in prison for the possession of a controlled substance. LAUDERDALE COUNTY, Ala. (WAFF) - One Lauderdale County man will spend the rest of his life in jail. The restaurant is open Monday through Saturday. at 732 (Graves, J., concurring) (citing Mellouli v. Lynch, 135 S. Ct. 1980 (2015); Mathis v. United States, 136 S. Ct. 2243 (2016)). the offense as commonly understood.[17] Courts find the elements of the federal, generic crime in a federal statute, common law, or other sources such as jury instructions. Attorneys for Pete Wesson have indicated an appeal could be filed in the near future. Their mother said that Fuentes has ruined their entire lives. to struggle with your family law matter alone. background-color: grey; Also in court today, Judge Graves told the victims: I can promise you, Mr. Fuentes will not hurt you in the future after he was sentenced. }. background-color: green; Contact Benjamin R. Graves in Florence, AL for specific legal needs on legaldirectories.com Find a Lawyer By Location . [43] In 2013, he pled guilty to a third felony under Texas law and was deported under federal immigration law. [1][2], The son of a Baptist minister, Graves was born and raised in Clinton, Mississippi. [8] Id. [8] He has also held the position of adjunct professor at Millsaps College, Tougaloo College, and Jackson State University. If you are searching for compassionate and personal legal representation My name is Alicia Roper. Alabama held general elections for local judicial offices in 2016. } [7] In most circuits, the inquiry would have ended there: the court would declare the Texas law overbroad, and refrain from applying federal immigration consequences. 200 S Court St Rm 317 Florence, AL 35630-5657 [54] Id. font-weight: bold; This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. The Oscars will air on ABC and can be streamed on ABC.com and the ABC app as well as Hulu + Live TV, YouTube TV, AT&T TV or FuboTV. Graves was later re-elected without opposition in 1994 and 1998. Florence, Alabama 35631, PO Box 1059 (256) 760-5804 Judge, Circuit Court. FLORENCE - Florence Municipal Judge Ben Graves has announced his candidacy for Circuit Judge as a Republican against the incumbent Democrat, Billy Jackson. Conclusion: The Fifth Circuit Should Reconsider Realistic Probability. - Pasadena & Beverly Hills Family Law Attorney, We provide monthly billing statements with specific details of the work [5] See Taylor v. United States, 110 S. Ct. 2143 (1990). licensed to practice law for at least five years; a resident of his or her circuit for at least one year; under the age of 70 at the time of election (judges who turn 70 in office may serve until their term expires). [4] Under the Immigration and Nationality Act, a noncitizen who has been convicted of a violation of law relating to a controlled substance is removable from the United States. [13] See generally Amit Jain & Philip Dane Warren, An Ode to the Categorical Approach, 67 UCLA L. Rev. One victim spoke out about how she tried to commit suicide more than once because of his actions. [55] Id. FLORENCE, Ala. A former Florence businessman convicted of possessing and sharing child pornography could spend the rest of his natural life in prison. color: white; 2011, 2020 WL 6701082 (S. Ct. Nov. 16, 2020). 2019). .top_disclaimer { [56] Williams v. Barr, 960 F.3d 68, 78 (2d Cir. [44] He then reentered the United States unlawfully and was arrested again in Texas in 2014. Elections 2016 See also: Alabama local trial court judicial elections, 2016 Alabama held general elections for local judicial offices in 2016. Yes, i did answer all of your questions because I had day planners spread all over the conference table from decades BECAUSE I CANNOT REMEMBER! Ben Graves and his wife Mindy Goodwin Graves, are both Florence natives, and have three children - Charlie, Ann Hensley, and Jane Ellis. Owner, PIOT TV, LLC and Broadcast Media Specialist. .widget-key { The chief judge of a circuit court is selected by peer vote and serves a three-year term. [30] However, the IJ then applied the Fifth Circuits interpretation of the realistic probability test and found that Alexis failed to establish overbroadness under that test. Copy and past this code into your website. .widget-row.value-only.white { Tuscumbia attorney Mitch Hayes appointed Colbert County circuit judge. [13] But state criminal statutes vary, and an individual could be convicted of a crime in one state for the same conduct that would not be illegal in another state. handle every aspect of you case, and you will never be passed off to another FLORENCE When Ben Graves was appointed the Florence municipal judge in January 2013, . The Unified Gift and Estate Tax Lifetime Exemption, Set to Sunset and Revert to Pre-Tax Cuts and Jobs Act Levels in 2026, Says Otherwise, The First Circuit Court of Appeals Limitations on a Usufructuarys Rights: Cole v. Thomas. Each week join Attorney, Demetria L. Graves, a respected Certified Family Law Specialist in Los Angeles, as she breaks down the celebrity legal headlines and . After waiting all that time and everything we have getting behind and not even having the money or change to buy a loaf of bread to eat, I went back to work July 25, 2022 to only be fired the very first time in my 49 yer old life exactly 1 month later! All rights reserved. } Over the past month, both Assistant District Attorney Angie Hamilton and ADA Coty Hand have tried and convicted two people on possession and production of child pornography. L. Rev. display: block; Click the above map. This is southern living at its best. [5] Where a match is found, certain federal law consequences are triggered, including immigration consequences. An exception to this rule is the modified categorical approach, which is applied to a divisible statute, which the Court describes as a statute that: sets out one or more elements of the offense in the alternativefor example, stating that burglary involves entry into a building or an automobile. 200 South Court Street Florence, AL 35631 (256) 760-5825.

} [10] Judge Graves suggested that the Supreme Court should resolve the circuit split, or the Fifth Circuit should revisit the matter. In an unusual turn of events last summer, U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals Judge James E. Graves, Jr. wrote the majority opinion in Alexis v. Barr, then separately wrote a concurrence criticizing his own opinion. Monthly payments and certain citations may also be paid by going to. Facebook gives people the power to share and makes the world more open and connected. When you contact our firm, you can rest assured knowing that you hired LAUDERDALE COUNTY, Ala. ( WHNT) On February 16, Lauderdale County Circuit Judge Ben Graves is expected to address a pending motion in the Casey White file and receive an update on the. at 73233 (Graves, J., concurring). we have completed, We personally execute an individualized case management plan for your case, Demetria is a Board Certified Family Law Specialist with the state bar background-color: #f9d334; For the 2017 *fiscal year, Judge James Grimes has disposed 264 cases at the Office of Disability Adjudication and Review (ODAR) in FLORENCE, ALABAMA. font-weight: bold; On the 55-counts of possessing child pornography, Wesson has been sentenced to serve four years on each charge. If you are curious . Navigating any legal problem is challenging especially any legal problem of California, Demetria was included in the list of California's Super Lawyers. } Pete Wesson's family sat in shock as. in Huntsville, Information on professionals, their work history and resumes, 1991, Alabama, U.S. District Court, Northern District of Alabama, Law Clerk to Honorable E. B. Haltom, Jr., U.S. District. decades BECAUSE I CANNOT REMEMBER! [35] On review, the Supreme Court disagreed, finding that the generic definition of theft at common law has long included aiders and abettors.[36]. Rogersville, AL. Specialist in Los Angeles, as she breaks down the celebrity legal headlines Apply today! [1], Ben Graves defeated William Smith in the Alabama 11th Circuit Court Republican primary for Place 1. at 733 n.1 (Graves, J., concurring) (citing Zhi Fei Liao v. Atty Gen. U.S., 910 F.3d 714, 723 n.11 (3d Cir. First, Jeffery Dale Hunt will serve 20 years for his crimes, and now Fuentes. width: 57%; In his concurrence, Judge Graves noted that the Fifth Circuits application of the realistic probability test is inconsistent with recent U.S. Supreme Court and circuit court opinions. And why is it on my car? Burdens, Benefits, or Both? at 822. [8] Graves has taught courses in media law, civil rights law, and sociology of law[8] and is jurist-in-residence at Syracuse University School of Law. First, Jeffery Dale Hunt will serve 20 years for his crimes, and now Fuentes. Unlike other firms, we do not pass [27] On January 23, 2018, the Department of Homeland Security initiated removal proceedings against Alexis, under 8 U.S.C. Here is a complete directory of nearly all professional Judges in Florence, AL. You denied my SSA disability n May 10,2022 after yourself and my atty got into a pissing match with each other over the telephone after waiting from Jan 5, 2021, and causing me to lose thousands of dollars that we needed more than anything! in family law, you know divorce, child custody and child support. Your email address will not be published. Jan 19, 2023; 0; Submit Your News . Judicial Clerk Judge Judicial Law Clerk State Representative Civil Servant, Arbitrator Referee Judge Owner Marketing Director Chief Executive Marketing Manager Senior Online Leader Advertising Professional Internet Marketing Manager Web Marketer Advertising Sales Agent Promoter Disk-Jockey Tutor Entertainer, Paralegal Litigation Support Specialist Mediator Law Specialist Judge Lawyer Manager Operations Manager Office Assistant Office Clerk Clerical Specialist, Judge Owner Chief Executive Hair Stylist Hairdresser, Referee Judge Volunteer Coordinator Non-Profit Managers, Chief Judge Judge Head Waitron Food Service Worker Food and Beverages Professional Food and Beverage Attendant, Judge Security Government Administration Professional Community Service Manager, Judge Chief Administrative Officer Chief Executive Community Service Manager Government Administration Professional, Judge Sales Manager Sales Director Team Member Managers Business Administrator Supporting Member Bartender Supervisor Sales Executive Client Service Officer Sales Account Associate Customer Service Operations Manager Chief Executive Corporate Executive Manager Chief Executive Officer Customer Relations Bachelor of Science, Law Specialist Lawyer Chief Judge Director Operations Manager Master of Science Chief Executive Deputy Manager Governor Government Administration Officer Civil Servant, Judge Head Coach Sports Trainer Sports Game Coach Sports Trainers Program Assistant Administrative Medical Assistant Medical Support Assistant Health Support Worker Healthcare Support Bachelor of Science, Judge Sales Manager Sales Director Chief Executive Officer Manager Corporate Executive Chief Executive Operations Manager Sales Account Associate Sales Executive Bartender Managers, Law Specialist Lawyer Judge Coordinator Office Runner File Keeper Clerical Specialist Managers Courier, Owner Chief Executive Media Specialist Media Professional Captain, Chancellor Chief Judge Judge Chairperson Chief Executive Corporate Executive Dean Higher Education Professional School Administrator Educational Manager, Jurist Legal Counsel Lawyer Managing Partner Partner Chief Executive Chief Administrative Officer Security Juris Doctor Bachelor of Arts Psychologist Psychology Specialist. [5] At the time, Graves was the only African-American Justice on the Court. Evans, supra note 15, at 1777. } Box 124 (256) 760-5750 Courthouse 14735 Main Street Upper Marlboro, MD 20772 Phone: 301-952-3655 Prince George's County Portal [1] He received his commission on February 15, 2011. 1227(a)(2)(B)(i). 1998 - 2023 Nexstar Media Inc. | All Rights Reserved. [16] The Supreme Court has decided over 20 cases on the categorical approach in the past 13 years, with two more pending in the 20202021 term. [58] He cited to at least two Supreme Court cases decided after Duenas-Alvarez that did not apply the realistic probability test when considering whether state convictions trigger federal consequences. They deal with civil claims of $3,000 or more, as well as most felony crimes. 2020). Florence, Alabama 35631-1059, PO Box 1710 (256) 760-5757 [58] Alexis, 960 F.3d at 732 (Graves, J., concurring). Learn how and when to remove this template message, United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, Associate Justice of the Mississippi Supreme Court, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, United States Department of Health and Human Services, List of first minority male lawyers and judges in Mississippi, "Congressional Record for February 14, 2011", "Graves, James Earl, Jr. - Federal Judicial Center", "The JFP Interview: Justice James Graves", "Supreme Court Justice James Graves Jr. to speak at CCC commencement", "Five questions with Justice James Graves", "President Obama Names James E. Graves Jr. to U.S. Court of Appeals", "Mississippi Supreme Court Biography: James E. Graves Jr", "Obama taps Graves for federal appeals post", http://www.clarionledger.com/article/20101223/NEWS/101223026/1263/RSS, "Dolgencorp v. Ms. [59] Given this precedent, it seems appropriate for the Fifth Circuit to revisit its approach. spousal support/alimony and It Doesn't Have To Be Ugly e-book for free! You do not have L. Rev. No matter how troublesome your case may be, we can help. our clients to other lawyers/paralegals, we pay close attention to your Ballotpedia does not currently cover this office or maintain this page. Our firm takes pride in being approachable, patient, and affordable and Judge Graves in his Alexis concurrence noted that the Fifth Circuit diverges from at least seven other circuit courts in its application of the realistic probability test. 2016) (rejecting the governments argument that the petitioner had to meet the realistic probability test where the statute on its face was overbroad). Graves stated he could show leniency, but he wouldnt give Wesson any grace on his conviction. . Circuit Judges serve for terms of 6 years. Id. James Earl Graves Jr. (born November 19, 1953) is an American lawyer who serves as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. .widget-row.value-only { Powell elected new Lauderdale County circuit judge By Tom Smith Senior Staff Writer Nov 9, 2016 Updated Nov 9, 2016 0 Buy Now Will Powell smiles as he holds his son Ben as they arrive at the.